Bahasa Inggris · Chapter 3 Care about the environment

AchmadDoddy

24/08/2021 13:14:32

SMA 11 KTSP

Daftar Isi

Chapter 1 I Think the Cendrawasih Is Beautiful Chapter 2 Stories That I Like Chapter 3 Care about the environment Chapter 4 Valuable Stories Chapter 5 What a Funny Story Chapter 6 What Education should be

Halaman

Care about

the Environment

Chapter

Listening:

•

Responding to someone ful

lling requests

•

Responding to expressions of relief, pain, and pleasure

•

Respond to an analytical exposition text

Speaking:

• Expressing requests

•

Expressing relief, pain, and pleasure

•

Responding to an analytical exposition text

Reading:

•

Reading analytical exposition texts

•

Identifying a diagram

•

Identifying a poster

Writing:

•

Writing an analytical exposition text

• Making a poster

Source

www.hickerphoto.com

In This Chapter

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Listening

In this section, you will learn how to:

•

respond to someone ful

lling requests;

•

respond to expressions of relief, pain, and pleasure;

•

respond to analytical exposition texts.

1. What do you say to comply with somebody's

request?

2. How do you feel after knowing that your mother

has recovered from an illness?

3. What do you usually cry out when in sudden

pain?

4. How do you feel when you pass an examination?

Dialogue 1

1. Did the headmaster permit Mrs Yully to continue her

studies?

2. What did the headmaster mean by saying "Yes, of

course."?

Dialogue 2

1. Was Budi relieved after

nding his wallet?

2. How did he express his relief?

Dialogue 3

1. Whom is John talking to?

2. How is John?

Dialogue 4

1. What did Lisa say after hearing good news?

2. What did Bram mean by saying "So am I."?

Activity

Answer the following questions.

Activity

You are going to listen to four short dialogues. Then

answer the questions for each dialogue.

Care about the Environment

Sinta doesn't go to school because she is sick. She is consulting

a doctor about her sickness.

Sinta

: Good morning, Sir.

Doctor : Good morning. What can I do for you?

Sinta

: Yes, doctor. I couldn't sleep well. Could you

examine me?

Doctor :

. Okay, open your mouth!

When did you feel that you have a problem

with your sleeping?

Sinta

: About two days ago, and then I also had a

cough.

Doctor : Okay.

Sinta

: Yes, but it sometimes happens.

Doctor : Err ... you just have a fever. Don't worry.

Sinta :

Doc, may I go to join a test tomorrow?

Doctor : Why not? You are not seriously ill. Now take

a rest and take a lot of nutritious meals and

drinks. Don't forget to drink these medicines

after meals.

Sinta : Alright.

that I'm not seriously sick.

Thank you.

Doctor : You

re welcome. Get better soon.

Activity

Complete the dialogue while you are listening. Write

in your workbook. Then compare your answers with

your friend’s.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Rubbish

Lakes and rivers are often polluted

because

from towns and

factories empty into them. And factories

sometimes dump very

chemicals into the water. The

poison the water. Wildlife cannot easily

survive in them.

Ocean-going tankers sometimes

empty

of oily water into the

sea. When this happens, great patches

of oil are left

on the sea's

surface. If

the oil, or if

their gills become clogged up, they die.

Birds land on the sea and the oil clogs

up their

so that they cannot

y. Unless the oil is cleaned off, the

birds will die.

Electricity for your home is made

in buildings called power plants. Power

plants usually use coal, oil, or gas to

make electricity. But some plants use

energy.

To make nuclear energy, uranium

is needed. And uranium is radioactive,

which means it gives off

which is very dangerous to any living

thing. People working in nuclear power

plants wear special clothing and

to protect themselves.

After the uranium has been used

there is some dangerous waste, or

rubbish, left. Scientists haven't yet

found out how to make the rubbish

completely safe. So it is sealed in huge

concrete containers and buried at sea,

or deep underground.

Some people are worried that the

radioactivity might escape and poison

living things. And this rubbish remains

dangerous for thousands of years.

In short, our environment has been

conta minated by chemicals.

Taken from

Nature in Danger

, 1993

Source:

practicalaction.org

Activity

Find the expressions of pain and relief in the dialogue

in Activity 3.

Activity

Fill in the blanks with the right words by listening.

Work individually.

Care about the Environment

1. What do you say when fulfilling your sister's

request?

2. What do you say when somebody fulfills your

request?

3. What do you usually say when you have a serious

toothache?

4. How do you feel when your close friend gives you a

bunch of

owers?

Dialogue 1

Helmy :

Mom, may I ask you something?

Mother :

Yes, of course. What's wrong with you?

Helmy :

I need a lot of money to buy a textbook.

Mother :

Okay. I'll give it to you if it is important for

you.

Helmy :

Thank you, Mom.

1. Does Helmy's mother ful

ll Helmy's request? How

do you know?

2. Why does she not refuse Helmy's request?

Dialogue 2

Mrs Ronal : How is your wife now?

Mr Tommy : She is fine thank you. How about

your husband? I heard that he was in

hospital.

Mrs Ronal : He is very well now.

Mr Tommy : I'm glad to hear that.

Speaking

In this section, you will learn how to:

• express requests;

•

express the feelings of relief, pain, and pleasure;

•

respond to an analytical exposition text.

Activity

Answer these questions.

Activity

Read the following dialogues and then answer the

questions.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

1. Are Mrs Ronal and Mr Tommy's families in a good

condition?

2. Is Mr Tommy annoyed when Mrs Ronal asks him?

Dialogue 3

Uni

Den, you look pale today.

What's wrong with you?

Denni :

I am suffering from a relapse.

Uni

What do you suffer from?

Denni :

I have had d

iarrhoea since last night. I couldn't

sleep well.

Uni

I'm sorry to hear that.

1. Why did Denni look pale?

2. What did Uni say when she heard that Denni had

had diarrhoea?

Dialogue 4

Mutiara : Where have you been, Andri?

Andri

: I have followed a test for model students for

three days. So I was allowed not to study at

school.

Mutiara : I'm happy that you represent your friends.

What about the result?

Andri

: I was trusted to be a model student. Probably

next week I'll follow the next selection in

Bandung.

Mutiara : That's g

reat. Good luck for the following

test.

Andri

: Thank you. Wish me luck.

1. How did Mutiara feel when hearing that Andri

followed model student selection?

2. Did Andri succeed in the first selection in his

region?

3. Why did Mutiara say that she was pleased to hear

the news?

Care about the Environment

What to Say

Expressions of Relief

It’s a

•

relief to know that ....

Thank God for ....

•

I’m glad it was done.

•

Thank goodness!

•

Expressions of Ful

lling Request

Yes, of course.

•

By all means.

•

Yes, why not ....

•

Sure, you can ....

•

Expressions of Pain

I am suffering from a relapse.

•

I have toothache.

•

I feel sick./I feel ill.

•

I’m sick.

•

Ouch!•

Expressions of Pleasure

It is really delightful./I am delighted.

•

It’s really a great

• pleasure.

I am pleased.

•

That’s great.

•

That’s wonderful.

•

Study the following expressions of ful

lling request, relief, pain and

pleasure.

Less Formal

More Formal

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Mrs and Mr Hasibuan are visiting Mrs Rosma at the hospital.

Here is the conversation.

Mrs Hasibuan : Hi, how are you today?

Mrs Rosma : I am better now.

Mrs Hasibuan :

Mrs Rosma : Thank you for coming.

Who did you come here with?

Mrs Hasibuan : Mr Hasibuan. There he is.

Mrs Rosma : Hi, Mr Hasibuan.

Mr Hasibuan : Hi,

Mrs Rosma : Thanks a lot for coming. But could you

give my regards to your friends. Tell

them that I'll get better soon.

Mr Hasibuan :

. I'll do it. Mrs Rosma, our

friends actually want to see you but

they are very busy.

Mrs Rosma : Oh, I see. Never mind.

By the way, has Mrs Neni already got

better?

Mrs Hasibuan : Yes, she has joined us.

Mrs Rosma : Err.

. She is

ne.

Mrs Hasibuan : Mrs Rosma, I actually want to know

what you suffer from?

a. By all means

b. I am glad it was done

c. Don't mention it

d. We are excited

e. I had a gastric problem

f. I am happy you made a quick recovery

g. It's a relief to hear that

h. That's wonderful

I am suffering from a relapse

j. That's great

Activity

Complete the following dialogue using expressions

provided in the box and act it out.

Care about the Environment

Mrs Rosma :

. Because I ate hot food too

much.

Mrs Hasibuan : So,

Mrs Rosma : That's right. How about you, Mr

Hasibuan?

Mr Hasibuan : I didn't get sick anymore after stopping

drinking ice and eating hot food.

Mrs Rosma :

Okay. I'll do what you have done.

Mrs Hasibuan : Err ... excuse me. Here is something

from our friends.

Mrs Rosma : Thank you so much.

Mrs Hasibuan :

Mr Hasibuan : Mrs Rosma, let me tell you that our

school is the best in our region.

Mrs Rosma :

So, what we have done is not useless,

is it?

Mr Hasibuan : Sure.

Now,

because we can see

you getting better.

Mrs Hasibuan : Hmm..., I think you need more rest, so

we will go now.

Mr Hasibuan : See you again, Mrs Rosma.

Mrs Rosma : Thank you. See you again.

Pronunciation

Practice

1. mountain /

unt

2. coastal /k

ustl/

3. climate /

4. mainly /me

nli/

5. landscape /

lændskeip/

6. in

uence /

ns/

7. moisture /

ɔɪ

∫

8. over

ˈə

9. air

10. total

utl/

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

a. join i. down

b. hair j. low

c. pure k. bay

d. now l. kind

ve m. boy

f. home n. hear

g. page o. wear

h. near p. poor

eə

Australia's Natural Environment

Australia has many unique features:

a variety of landforms ranging from

rugged mountains to coastal plains

and beaches; many different kinds of

vegetation, such as tropical rainforests

and grasslands; and a climate varying

from Mediterranean (dry summers and

wet winters) to tropical (wet summers

and dry winters).

Australia's particular combination

of climate and landform is responsible

for the dry and flat landscape. In

Australia, large amounts of rain tend to

fall on the eastern seaward side of the

continent in Queensland, New South

Wales and Victoria. This is because of

the in

uence of southeast trade winds.

These winds pick up moisture over

the Paci

c Ocean and when this moist,

warm air meets the Great Dividing

Range, it is forced to rise.

When air rises, it cools. Because cool

air cannot hold as much moisture as

warm air, the moisture in it condenses

into water droplets, which then fall as

rain. In eastern Australia, this usually

occurs on the mountains. This area along

Australia's east and southeast coast is

where most of Australia's forests are

found. Likewise, many of Australia's

rivers start their life in eastern Australia

in the Great Dividing Range and then

carry much of Australia's total rainfall

eastward, into the Paci

c Ocean.

Activity

Place the following words in the grids according to

the diphthongs.

Activity

Read the following text.

Care about the Environment

Recycling

Much of what we throw away

could be used again. Recycling puts

"garbage" to good use. Recycling helps

preserve precious resources because it

saves on the use of raw materials and

energy. It also reduces the pollution

caused when the waste is dumped.

Glass can be remelted. This is better

than making fresh glass from raw

materials, but it is even better to reuse

the bottle whole. Metals can be recycled

by being remelted and then used to

make other new items. The metals to

On the western side of the Great

Dividing Range, most of the land is

dry,

at and arid. This is because most

of the moisture carried by the trade

winds has been dropped on the eastern

side of the ranges. As the air rises

over the ranges and starts to descend

on the other side, it becomes warmer

and drier as it passes over the land, so

very little rain falls. Any rivers running

inland also carry less water because

they have to travel a long way through

dry country.

Thus, the features of Australia's

Natural Environment are incomparable

with any other environments. The

varieties of landforms, vegetation,

and climate are so unique they make

this continent stand out in its natural

environment.

Taken from

SOSE: Studies of Society and Environment

2000

Source:

www.womensaid.org.uk

Activity

Retell the text above in your own words.

Activity

Work in pairs. Create a short dialogue to respond to

the topic of the text. Use the expressions you have

learnt.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Reading

In this section, you will learn how to:

•

read an analytical exposition;

•

identify a diagram;

•

identify a poster.

1. What is meant by tropical forest?

2. In what type of climate are tropical rainforests

found?

3. What is the importance of rainforests?

recycle from an ordinary household are

aluminium and steel from cans. Scrap

from cars gives several different metals

for recycling.

Paper is easy to recycle. Every

home and of

ce should have a paper

reclining routine. Plastics are the

worst problem because they do not

biodegrade (breakdown) easily. They

are also hard to recycle and cause

harmful pollution when burned. It is

important to use as little plastics as

possible, and then only ones that are

recyclable or biodegradable.

Taken from

Natural Resources

, 1993

Activity

Observe the environment around your house. Then

tell the class about it. Do it individually.

Activity

Act out the dialogue you have made in front of the

class.

Activity

Answer the following questions orally.

Care about the Environment

Words

1. essential

agricultural

3. destruction

4. enormous

5. originate

6. wilderness

7. take part

8. pharmacist

9. sickness

10. timber

11. sustainable

12. acknowledge

13. balance

14. harvest

15. creek

Meanings or Synonyms

a. participate

b. illness

c. come

from

d. druggist

e. admit

f. fundamental

g. continue for a long time

h. huge

i. farming

j. reap

k. narrow river

l. ruination

m. wild area

n. equilibrium

o. wood

Rainforests as Economic Reserves

We discovered previously that

rainforests are essential to our life on

Earth. They also provide a rich variety

of economic resources that are used all

over the world. This presents countries

with a serious dilemma. Rainforests

are used for a number of economic

purposes, ranging from agricultural to

urban and industrial use. The dilemma

facing many rainforest-rich countries,

including Australia, is that, as these

economic demands grow, the planet's

rain forests are placed under increasing

threat of destruction. The economic

resources provided by the world's

rainforests are enormous. Here are

just some of the more important ones.

Foods

Nearly 50 per cent of the world's

food supplies originate in rainforest

areas. Items that we commonly buy

from the supermarket, such as bananas,

pineapples, mangoes, peanuts,

macadamia nuts and cashews, all

Activity

Before reading the text, study the following words.

Then match them to their meanings or synonyms.

Activity

Read the following text carefully.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

originated in rainforests. Many popular

foods like rice, corn and maize also

come from the rainforests, as do tea,

coffee, cocoa and sugar.

Recreation

Rainforests are becoming

increasingly popular places for people

to visit because they are seen as areas

of wilderness and natural beauty.

People take part in activities such as

shing, bush-walking, rock climbing

and four-wheel driving. The overuse of

rainforests for tourist activities has led

governments to pass laws restricting

activities in these forests. The Daintree

region in northern Queensland is one

area where the government has passed

laws regulating rainforest activities.

Medicines and drugs

Many medicines and drugs sold

by the local pharmacist come from

plants that grow in rainforests. For

example, medicines used for travel

sickness, headaches, stomach upsets,

skin diseases and leukaemia all come

from the rainforests. In fact, nearly

40 per cent of all medicines sold in

chemists, originate from rainforests.

Industrial and building products

Rainforests provide many products

used by the community for urban

development. These include timber

converted into building materials for

house framing, furniture, fencing, panel

products and

ooring. Rainforests also

supply wood chips used in making

cardboard, toilet tissue and the pulp

used for some papers.

Many industrial products also

originate from the rainforests. Spices,

rubber, oils, waxes, dyes and gums are

just some examples. Even everyday

products such as toothpaste, cosmetics,

tyres, paints and deodorants are

produced from plants growing in

rainforest areas.

Sustainable development

Scientists believe that over 200,000

square kilometres of rainforest

are being destroyed each year for

economic purposes. Most people

would acknowledge the economic

importance of the world's rainforests.

However, there needs to be a balance

between the way we are currently

using our rainforests and the future

availability of these resources. This is

now commonly being referred to as

ecologically sustainable development.

For example, conservationists,

governments and industry groups

believe that timber should be harvested

from forests in a sustainable way. This

should be done without permanently

damaging the home of other plants

and animals, the soil or rivers and

creeks. This is a very complex task.

It involves ensuring trees that are

removed from the forest which are

replaced by seedlings that will form

part of the new forest.

To conclude, since the rainforests

are very crucial to support many

aspects of our life, it is our duty to

preserve them.

Taken from

SOSE: Studies of Society and Environment

, 2000

Care about the Environment

1. What is the dilemma faced by many rainforest-rich

countries?

2. Are the economic resources provided by the world's

rainforests extremely large in number?

3. What percentage of the world's food supplies

originate in rainforest areas?

4. Why are rainforests becoming increasingly popular

places for people to visit?

5. What activities do people do in rainforests?

6. What caused governments to pass laws restricting

activities in rainforests?

7. What percentage of all medicines sold in pharmacies

originate from the rainforest?

8. What do rainforests produce for urban development?

9. What are wood chips used for?

10. What is the area of rainforest being destroyed each

year for economic purposes?

11. What is the thesis statement of the text above?

12. Does the writer give his argument on the topic?

The Importance of Rainforests

Rainforests are one of the most

complicated environments on Earth.

They are recognised worldwide as

containing the richest source of plants

and animals and are believed to contain

nearly three-quarters of all the varieties

of life on Earth. This is remarkable

because rainforests cover only about six

per cent of the Earth's land surface.

Rainforest are the oldest major

ecosystem, having survived climate

changes for more than one million

years. They provide habitats for more

species of plants, animals, insects

Activity

Read and understand the text entitled “Rainforests

as Economic Reserves”. Then in pairs, answer the

following questions.

Activity

Read aloud the following text.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

1. The economic purposes rainforests are used for

2. The percentage of the world's food supplies which

originate in rainforests areas

3. Fruits originating from in rainforests

and birds than any other environment

found on our planet. Scientists estimate

that between 60 and 90 per cent of all

species of life are to be found in rain

forests. Unfortunately, the widespread

destruction of many of the world's

rainforests has caused a significant

decline in the number of plant and

animal species on Earth.

Rainforests influence both our

local and global climates. For example,

between 50 and 80 per cent of the

moisture in the air above rainforests

comes from the rainforest's trees. If

large areas of these lush rainforests are

cleared, the average rainfall in the area

will drop. Eventually, the area's climate

will get hotter and drier. This process

could convert rainforests into a sparse

grassland or desert.

Rainforests are also able to absorb

over 90 per cent of the rainfall in their

leaves and mosses. By doing this, they

are able to slow down water run-off by

gradually releasing the water over time

into streams and rivers. This helps to

control soil erosion and

ooding.

Rainforests are vital to the Earth in

helping to recycle carbon and oxygen.

Carbon dioxide (CO

) is the gas put into

the air globally by humans, mainly by

the burning of fossil fuels (for example

in cars and factories). Rainforests are

able to remove carbon dioxide from the

air and return oxygen in its place. This

is why our global rainforests are often

called the Earth's ‘lungs'.

Rainforests are major producers of

the Earth's oxygen. In fact, scientists

believe that nearly 50 per cent of the

Earth's oxygen is produced by rainforest

in the Amazon region alone. Nearly

40 per cent of the world's carbon is

contained in the trees of the rainforests.

As rainforests are cut down and burned,

carbon dioxide is released into the

Earth's atmosphere. Eventually, as this

gas builds up the atmosphere, leading

to what scientists call the enhanced

greenhouse effect.

To sum up, the role of the rainforest

is essential for human life. It creates

equilibrium in our environment and

its resources are signi

cant for human

beings survival.

Taken from

SOSE: Studies of Society and Environment

, 2000

Activity

Decide in which paragraph you can

nd the following

information.

Care about the Environment

1. T – F

Rainforests are unimportant to our life on

Earth.

2. T – F

The economic resources which rainforests

provide vary.

3. T – F

Many rainforest-rich countries are facing

a situation in which it is very dif

cult to

preserve their rainforests.

4. T – F

The economic resources provided by the

world's rainforests are extremely small.

5. T – F

Less than 50 per cent of the world's food

supplies originate in rainforest areas.

6. T – F

Rainforests are becoming more and more

unpopular places for people to visit.

7. T – F

Governments pass laws restricting activities

in the forests due to the overuse of rainforests

for tourist activities.

8. T – F

More than 40 per cent of all medicines sold

in pharmacies originate from rainforests.

9. T – F

More than 200,000 square kilometres of

rainforests are being destroyed each year for

economic purposes.

10. T – F

There needs to be a balance between the way

we are currently using our rainforests and the

future availability of these resources.

4. Activities that people do in rainforests

5. Sickness and diseases which are treated with

medicines from the rainforests

6. Industrial products that originate from the

rainforests

7. Daily products which are produced from plants

growing in rain forest areas

8. The area of rainforests which are being destroyed

each year for economic purposes

UN Shot

Some pollutants are

always ... because they

are dangerous.

a. unavailable

b. undesirable

c. unchangeable

d. unsuitable

e. unavoidable

(UN 2003/2004)

Activity

Choose T if the statement is true and F if it is false

according to the text. Do it in pairs.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

What do the words refer to?

1. They (paragraph 1 line 3)

2. This (paragraph 1 line 7)

3. They (paragraph 4 line 3)

4. This (paragraph 4 line 6)

1. Most gas in the air is oxygen.

2. Oxygen is more than one

fth of the gases in the

air.

3. Carbon dioxide is only 1%.

4. In the air, there is more nitrogen than oxygen.

5. There is less carbon dioxide than oxygen.

Nitrogen

78%

Oxygen

21%

Carbon

Dioxide,

Other Gases,

Water Vapor

Activity

Answer the questions based on the text in Activity 5

individually.

Activity

Do you know how much oxygen in the air? Study the

following diagram. Then state whether the following

statements are true or false according to the diagram.

Care about the Environment

Grammar

Review

Present Perfect Tense

Study the following sentences.

The overuse of rainforests for tourist activities

has

led

governments to pass laws restricting activities in these

forests.

2. The Daintree region in northern Queensland is one

area where the government

has passed

laws regulating

rainforests activities.

Unfortunately, the widespread destruction of many of

the world's rainforests

has caused

a signi

cant decline

in the number of plant and animal species on Earth.

The present perfect tense consists of

have

has

before the

past participle form of a verb.

Example

Notes

rmative

Statements

• He

has worked

here for a long

time.

• She

has been

doctor for two

years.

Here are some

participles: worked

(work), been (be),

written (write).

Negative

Statements

• I

haven’t

written

anything for

an hour.

Here are contractions

with not:

have + not = haven’t;

has + not = hasn’t.

Interrogative

Statements

•

Have you

nished

your

reading?

Englishclub.com

Only by studying

things like grammar

and vocabulary and

doing exercises, can

you really improve

your knowledge of any

language. For further

information, you can

browse this site:

www.world-english.org

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

1. People (start)

saving forests by recycling

paper.

2. The world's pollution (grow)

very fast.

3. Many people (make)

many things to

minimise environment problems.

4. People (cut down)

trees for fuel, and their

res release gas into the air.

5. Children all over the world (involve)

environmental activities.

6. Local government (provide)

trashbins to be

put along city streets.

7. Gases from refrigerators and air conditioners (destroy)

the ozone layer.

8. Some companies (use)

windmills or other

equipment that do not pollute the air.

9. Extreme water shortages, or droughts (occur)

in Gunung Kidul for a long time.

10. People

(realise)

that they should plant more

trees.

1. They also provide a rich variety of economic resources

that are used all over the world.

This

presents

countries with a serious dilemma.

2. Rainforests provide many products used by the

community for urban development.

These

include

timber converted into building materials for house

framing, furniture, fencing, panel products, and

ooring.

3. However, there needs to be a balance between the

way we are currently using our rainforests and

the future availability of these resources.

This

now commonly being referred to as ecologically

sustainable development.

Englishclub.com

To learn reading,

you can start with

children's storybook.

Try ESL readers. Read

advertisements, signs

and labels. For further

information you can

access this site:

www.world-english.org

Activity

Use the present perfect tense to complete the

following sentences.

Activity

Study the following sentences and explanation.

Care about the Environment

1. What is the poster about?

2. What is the function of the blue-topped bin?

3. What stuff is made of cardboard?

4. What should you do to all containers before throwing

them in the bin?

5. What is the purpose of the poster?

Your Project

Start from yourself.

Whenever you want

to throw away some

rubbish at your house,

separate the organic and

anorganic rubbish. Use

different plastic bags.

Name the bags "organic"

and "anorganic".

Socialise this to the

whole family.

Source:

www.fareham.gov.uk

The words in italics above refers to the subject in the

previous sentence.

This

in no. 1

refers to

a rich variety of economic resources

These

in no. 2

refers to many products used by the community

for urban development

This

in no. 3

refers to a balance between the way we are

currently using our rainforests and the future availability of

these resources

Activity

Identify the following poster. Then answer the

questions.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Writing

In this section, you will learn how to:

•

write an analytical exposition text;

• make a poster.

New Horizon

Sea-level is increasing.

Multiple complex factors

may in

uence this

change. Sea-level has

risen about 130 metres

since the peak of the

last ice age about 18,000

years ago. Most of the

rise occurred before

6,000 years ago. Sea-level

rise can be a product of

global warming.

(

en.wikipedia.org

)

1. The global average air temperature near the Earth's

surface rose 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the

last century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC) concludes "most of the observed

increase in globally averaged temperatures since

the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the

observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas

concentrations via the greenhouse effect. Natural

phenomena such as solar variation combined with

volcanoes probably had a small warming effect

from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling

effect from 1950 onward. These basic conclusions

have been endorsed by at least thirty scientific

societies and academies of science including all

of the national academies of science of the major

industrialized countries. While individual scientists

have voiced disagreement with some

ndings of

the IPCC, the overwhelming majority of scientists

working on climate change agree with the IPCC's

main conclusions.

2. Increasing global temperature will cause sea levels

to rise, and is expected to increase the intensity of

extreme weather events and to change the amount

and pattern of precipitation. Other effects of global

warming include changes in agricultural yields, trade

routes, glacier retreat, species extinction and increases

in the ranges of disease vectors.

Activity

The following text consists of

ve paragraphs, but

they are not in correct order. Arrange them into

a good text.

Care about the Environment

1. What is a suitable title for the text?

2. What is the topic of the text?

3. What is the main idea of each paragraph?

4. What is the conclusion of the text?

3. Global warming is the increase in the average

temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans

in recent decades and its projected continuation.

4. Remaining scienti

c uncertainties include the amount

of warming expected in the future, and how warming

and related changes will vary from region to region

around the globe. Most national governments have

signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at

reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is

ongoing political and public debate worldwide

regarding what, if any, action should be taken to

reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its

expected consequences.

5. Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC

indicate that average global surface temperature

will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F)

during the twenty-

rst century. The range of values

results from the use of differing scenarios of future

greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with

differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies

focus on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level

rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand

years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The

delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large

heat capacity of the oceans.

Taken from

en.wikipedia.org

Activity

Answer the following questions based on the paragraphs

you have just arranged.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Access to Clean Water:

A Problem for Indonesia

Access to clean water is one of Indonesia's biggest

problem. According to the Millennium Development

Goals (MDGs) Report 2007, published by the National

Development Planning Board, piped water is accessible

to 30.8 per cent of households in the country's cities

and 9 per cent in its villages. Such

gures show the

limitations of the municipality's water service provider,

PDAM.

Lack of investment in clean water is one reason

PDAM gives for its limited outreach. Based on a

government statement, to meet the MDGs target by

2015, Indonesia needs Rp43 trillion (US$4.6 billion)

in clean water funding. The government currently

provides Rp500 billion.

In order to close the funding gap, the government

expects private investment in drinking water

infrastructure.

The need for clean water funding is something that

cannot be covered by private investment. In Indonesia,

most PDAM utilities have small scales of economy and

are therefore unattractive to investors.

There is no evidence to suggest private investors

will improve the ef

ciency and effectiveness of water

services, whereas the government has a duty to do so.

Increasing public funding for clean water

infrastructure is the most rational approach for

Indonesia. This effort should begin with an analysis

of the needs of locals. This should be done through a

democratic and participatory process.

There are resources and mechanisms the government

could employ to increase clean water funding, such as

Thesis

Arguments

Activity

Study the text and the explanation.

Care about the Environment

state and local budgets, grants, government bonds and

community-public partnership.

In order to use a grant system, the government

should improve its proposal management and clearly

focus on real needs in order to widen clean water

services.

PDAM could use existing funds more ef

ciently.

if it could reduce leakages from 40 per cent to 20 per

cent, it would have more disposable funds to invest

in infrastructure. PDAM should use cost recovery

principles, as long as costs are not passed on to

consumers. Cost recovery principles should also be

supported by a proper subsidy mechanism.

Bond investing is a traditional lending instrument

for public services. The mechanism needs conditions,

such as strong capital structure at local level.

A few of mechanisms in place now do help the

poor access clean water at affordable prices. The most

important thing is to make sure the mechanisms run

properly and that the needs of people at the local level

are met through appropriate funding.

Taken from

The Jakarta Post

, April 5, 2008

Arguments

Conclusion

Analytical Exposition

Social function : to persuade the reader or listener that

something is the case.

Generic structure:

Thesis

: introduces a topic and indicates the

writer's position; outlines the main

arguments to be presented.

Arguments : restates main arguments outlined in a

preview; develops and supports each

point/argument.

Conclusion : restates the writer's position.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Topic: Pollution

Main ideas:

1. Types of Pollution

2. Air Pollution

3. Water Pollution

4. Soil Pollution

1. This is called global warming.

2. Many scientists believe that gases in the air are causing

the Earth's climate to gradually become warmer.

3. If climate becomes so warm that a great deal of ice

near the north and south poles melts and more water

goes into the oceans, many areas along the coast may

ooded.

4. These gases let the rays of the sun pass through the

planet, but they hold in the heat that comes up from the

sun-warmed Earth-in much the same way as the glass

of a greenhouse holds in the warmth of the sun.

5. In Earth's atmosphere there are tiny amounts of gases

called greenhouse gases.

Activity

Rewrite the following sentences in their correct

order.

Activity

Write an analytical exposition about other environment

issues in your own words.

Activity

Elaborate the following main ideas as an analytical

exposition text. Work with a partner.

Care about the Environment

Source:

www.fair

eldcity.nsw.gov.au

Activity

Look at the following picture. Add some notes to the

picture to make a poster.

Activity

Make your own poster about recycling.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

After learning the lesson in this chapter, you are expected to be able to:

1. respond to someone ful

lling a request;

2. express feelings of relief, pain, and pleasure;

3. ful

ll someone's request;

4. read analytical exposition texts;

5. identify a diagram and a poster;

6. write an analytical exposition text;

7. identify and make a poster about environment.

Now, answer the questions:

1. What do you say when you get a sudden pain in your body?

2. What is a thesis in an analytical exposition text?

If you

nd some dif

culties, consult your teacher or discuss with your friends.

Learning Re

ection

Language Functions

a. Ful

lling someone's requests

b. Expressing relief, pain, and pleasure

Genre

Analytical Exposition

Social function: to persuade the reader or listener that something is the case.

Generic structure:

• Thesis

Position: introduces a topic and indicates the writer's position.

Preview: outlines the main arguments to be presented.

• Arguments

Point: restates main arguments outlined in a preview.

Elaboration: develops and supports each point/argument.

• Conclusion: restates the writer's position.

Chapter Summary

Review

You are going to listen to some short

dialogues. Questions 1–5 are based on

the dialogues. Choose the best response

to the expression you hear.

1. a. It's boring.

b. It’s awful.

c. It’s amazing.

d. It’s uninteresting.

2. a. I don't think so.

b. I disagree with you.

c. I am with you.

d. I quite agree with that decision.

3. a. I'd rather you don't.

b. I have to think about that.

c. I don't think that's very good.

d. OK. If that's your decision, I’ll

go with you.

4. a. Thanks.

b. I think so.

c. I understand it.

d. That's a good idea.

5. a. That's good.

b. Leave me alone.

c. Be optimistic. Try again.

d. Cheer up! It's not the end of the

world.

Questions 6–10 are based on the listening

text you are going to hear.

6. Where was the Wolf?

a. In a pond.

b. On a mountain.

c. On the peak of a hill.

d. At a spring on a hillside.

7. What did the Wolf see?

a. A lamp.

b. A light.

c. A lamb.

d. Another wolf.

8. What was the Lamb doing when the

Wolf saw her?

a. Sleeping.

b. Walking.

c. Drinking.

d. Having supper.

9. How old was the Lamb?

a. Four months old.

b. Five months old.

c. Six months old.

d. Seven months old.

10. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To entertain or amuse.

b. To describe the way things are.

c. To share an unusual in cident.

d. To describe how something is

accom plished.

A. Listening

Listen carefully and answer the questions.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Questions 11–15 are based on the follow ing text.

Bali, the fabled "Island of the Gods",

has been enchanting visitors for cen-

turies with its rich cultural traditions

and spectacular pano ramas. From lofty,

misty enshrouded volcanoes and cool

mountain lakes down through terraced

rice

elds to a golden strand lapped by

azure waters, every square inch of Bali

offers a fresh and unforgettable image.

No less enchanting are its people,

some 2.7 million souls whose artistry

and piety are recog nised throughout the

world. Balinese Hinduism, a complex

fusion of Indian cosmo logy, Tantric

Buddism and homegrown mytho

logy,

is the primary faith of Bali's inhabitants,

and so deeply woven into the fabric of

their daily lives that the line between

the spiritual and the material is blurry

at best.

Around Bali

The shoppers among you will

Bali a treasure house of handicrafts

and

ne works of art. The Balinese are

incredibly gifted artists and craftsmen,

and their material creations are imbued

with the same sense of wonderment

with which

they

regard their universe.

Stone and wood carvings, traditional

and modern paintings and intricately

designed jewelry in gold and silver are

readily available in shops and galleries

throughout the island.

As for recreation, there is no short-

age of options. Nature walks, horseback

riding, diving, sur

ng, bungy jumping

and white water rafting

await the ad-

venturous here.

Taken from

Hello Bali

, 2000

11. The topic of the text above is

a. Balinese life

b. scenery in Bali

c. tourism in Bali

d. Bali for recreation

12. The m

ain idea of paragraph 2 is

a. Population of Bali

b. Bali’s inhabitants

c. Balinese religion

d. Daily lives of Balinese

13. The synonym of the word

azure

para graph 1 is

a. bright blue

b. bright green

c. dark green

d. dark blue

14. The word

they

in paragraph 3 refers

a. craftsmen

ne works

c. the Balinese

d. gifted artists

15. Below are recreational activities you

can

nd in Bali, except

a. horseback riding

b. nature walks

c. sur

d. skiing

B. Reading

Answer the questions by choosing the best answer.

Review 1

Only 26 percent of a total of 2,173

medium and large-scale enterprises in

the city regularly submitted samples of

their liquid waste for assessment, the

Jakarta Environmental Mana gement

Agency said.

The remaining 1,602 enterprises

failed to deliver reports of the liquid

waste they produced as set out in

gubernatorial decree No. 299/1996.

The decree requires all enterprises

pro ducing liquid waste to treat the

waste before disposing of it into rivers.

It also requires

rms to send samples of

the treated waste to the agency every

three months.

The companies on the list include

hotels, apartments, office buildings,

restaurants, hospitals, and industrial

plants.

The above

gures do not include

regis tered small-scale enterprises such

as commu nity markets, small workshops

and small of

ces which amount up to

at least, 15,845 concerns.

Worse still, out of 571 companies

which have sent their samples to us,

only 35 percent, or 199 companies,

comply with the decree and send us the

samples every three months. The rest

submit the samples every four months,

six months, or even only once a year. No

wonder the quality of our river water is

getting worse.

High levels of pollution in the city's

13 rivers is suspected of being behind

the red tide phenomenon, which killed

thousands of fish in Jakarta Bay in

May.

The real issue here is whether the

agency has the political will because the

adminis tration has ignored the existing

Law No. 23/1997 on the environment.

The law authorises all environment

mana gement agencies to control

the liquid waste treatment of any

enterprises.

The law gave the administration

the power to censure transgressing

companies and the city could close

companies down if they conti

nued to

ignore existing regulations.

The law says companies found to be

polluting the environment with liquid

waste are given six months to improve

their treatment facilities. If they fail to

meet the deadline, the agency has the

power to close the waste treatment

facility, the area of production causing

the waste, or the entire production

process.

Taken from

The Jakarta Post

, July 5, 2004

Most Firms Ignore Waste Treatment

Questions 16–22 are based on the follow ing text.

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

20. The statements below are true based

on the text, except

a. 73 percent of the companies on

the list did not submit the liquid

waste for assessment.

b. Gubernatorial decree No.

299/1996 doesn’t have any legal

sanction.

c. Community markets should

submit the sample of the waste

as well.

d. The quality of river water gets

worse because the waste control

is still weak.

21. The word

they

in the last paragraph

refers to

a. regulations

b. companies

c. enterprises

d. instruments

22. The synonym of the word

unscrupulous

a. prosperous

b. bankrupt

c. healthy

d. illegal

16. The topic of the text above is

a. the small numbers of enterprise

that concern about waste

b. the ignorance of waste

treatment

c. high level of pollution

d. uncontrolled waste

17. The companies that are required to

send samples of the treated waste

to the agency are mentioned below,

except

a. hotels

b. restaurant

c. apartments

d. community markets

18. How often should the comp

anies

send the samples to the agency?

a. Every two months.

b. Every three months.

c. Every four months.

d. Every six months.

19. Does gub

ernatorial decree No.

299/1996 carry legal sanctions?

a. Yes, it is.

b. No, it isn’t.

c. Yes, it does.

d. No it doesn’t.

The Green Generation

Who is going to pay the price if the

current generation

to pollute

the environ ment? Today's children

will foot the bill. California teenagers

who

gured this out have started an

organisation called YES (Youth for

Environmental Sanity). As one member

of YES points out, "Adults didn't learn

about the environment when they were

growing up. "Therefore, YES members

believe that unless kids

on themselves, nothing is going to

happen.

The group is realistic but hopeful.

Spokes person Sol Solomon states the

YES philosophy in a few words: "Who

says we can't save the earth? If we don't

save it for ourselves, nobody

it for us. "A lot of this hope is based on

teenagers growing economic power.

Questions 23–27 are based on the follow ing text.

Review 1

Accord ing to one national wide poll,

US teenagers spend about $80 billion a

year. Using that power, kids' ecology

groups have told some manufactures,

"We won't buy your products unless

you

the way you do business.

"Youngsters have forced giant food

corporations such as Burger King

and Star-Kist to change. Now, if kids

to a product for environ-

mental reasons, manufac turers listen.

Partly because companies want kids

to buy their products, "green" advertising

–

advertising that mentions a company's

concern about the environment

–

booming. But environmental groups tell

companies that they'd better actually

solve problems and not just spend

money on advertising. "Kids are sharp",

warns one spokes person. "They

'll

gure

it out fast if manufac turers practise false

advertising."

Taken from

Focus on Grammar

, 2000

23. a. is continuing

b. has continued

c. will continue

d. continues

24. a. would depend

b. are depending

c. has depended

d. depend

25. a. saves

b. saving

c. will save

d. would save

26. a. change

b. is changing

c. will change

d. has changed

27. a. object

b. will object

c. are objecting

d. would object

28.

Nimas and Yuni at a shop

Nimas wants

to buy an umbrella

Nimas :

this umbrella?

Yuni : I think it’s pretty good for

you. It matches the colour

of your clothes.

a. Do you want

b. Do you agree to buy

c. What do you think about

d. Could I know your reaction to

29.

Bani and Ndari have just read a fable

Bani :

What's your opinion of the

fable?

Ndari:

the story is full of

moral values.

a. I know

b. I think

c. I agree

d. I doubt

30.

Wahyu and Udin are sharing their

opinion on a recent education issue

Wahyu : Do you agree that

education must be

affordable for the poor?

Udin : Absolutely

a. I deny

b. I agree

c. I try to do so

d. I don't care it

31.

Bagus and Naina

two staff members at

a real estate company

are talking about

their latest project building a

star

hotel

Developing English Competencies

for Grade XI of Natural and Social Science Programmes

Bagus :

the plan to build

a new

ve-star hotel in that

area.

Naina : But don't you think that

it will give us a lot of

money?

Bagus : I don’t care. What I care

about is the poor people

living around that area.

Their houses will be

destroyed.

a. I am afraid of

b. I don't think

c. I disagree

d. I believe

32.

A student is talking to a teacher

proposing one programme to be held

every year at the school

Student : Sir, do you approve of

celebrating Mot

her's Day

annually at our school?

Teacher : Oh, great!

a. Smashing!

b. How terri

c. I'm really displeased.

d. I'm very much in favour of

that.

33.

A waiter is asking a guest about the

food

Waiter : Do you like the food we

serve, Sir?

Guest : Oh, the taste is great.

a. I am very pleased with it.

b. What a nuisance.

c. I can't stand it.

d. Fantastic.

34.

A guest at a hotel is complaining about

the facilities in that hotel

Guest

. I asked

for a room with a

shower.

Receptionist : I'm very sorry,

Sir. I'll see if I can

change it.

a. It's very nice.

b. I really like it.

c. How irritating!

d. I am very pleasant.

35.

Tia is feeling sad because somebody she

trusts is a traitor

Tia :

. I don’t really want

to talk to anybody.

Ratu : I can see why you're so

sad, but let me know your

problem.

a. I'm interested in this matter

b. Please leave me alone

c. Isn't it great?

d. Calm down

1. Turtle 5. Komodo

2. Cheetah 6. Sumatran tiger

3. Cat 7. Rhinoceros

4. Butter

y 8. Orangutan

C. Writing

Make a paragraph reporting one of the follow

ing animals.